El Marco Global para la Gestión Racional de las Sustancias y Productos Químicos y Residuos (2023), es un acuerdo voluntario no vinculante, que pretende sentar las bases para su gestión segura y sostenible durante todo su ciclo de vida, con las siguientes características principales:
En la Quinta Conferencia Internacional sobre Gestión de Productos Químicos (ICCM V) SAICM evolucionó
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Introducción:
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Visión y ámbito de aplicación:
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Visión: un planeta libre de daños causados por sustancias químicas y residuos, para un futuro seguro, saludable y sostenible.
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Ámbito de aplicación: ciclo de vida de las sustancias químicas (incluidos productos y residuos), a través de mejora de la gestión, consideración de otros instrumentos, y flexibilidad para incorporar nuevos.
Carácter multisectorial y con varias partes interesadas. Abarca la participación de todos los sectores relevantes (medio ambiente, salud, agricultura, trabajo, partes interesadas…) en todos los niveles (local, nacional, regional y global), además de considerar los aspectos ambientales y sociales fundamentales.
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Principios y enfoques (parte IV): información, transparencia, derechos humanos, grupos vulnerables, igualdad de género, prevención, transición justa, colaboración y participación
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Objetivos estratégicos (parte V.A) -cada uno cuenta con varios objetivos (parte V.B)-:
- Medidas adecuadas: de marcos legales, mecanismos institucionales y capacidades
- Información precisa: completa, disponible y accesible
- Gestión de riesgos: identificación, priorización, y tratamiento
- Soluciones: alternativas innovadoras y sostenibles, más seguras
- Disponibilidad de recursos: movilización, cooperación, capacitación, e integración en todos los procesos relevantes de toma de decisiones
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Mecanismos de apoyo a la implementación (parte VI): programas de implementación, implementación nacional, cooperación y coordinación regional, e inclusión sectorial y de partes interesadas.
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Gestión de los temas de preocupación (parte VII): asunto insuficientemente reconocido o abordado que supone un riesgo de contaminación de acuerdo a la información disponible, con un procedimiento específico (Anexo I).
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Consideraciones financieras
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Acuerdos institucionales
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Evaluación del progreso
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Revisión y actualización del Marco
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Anexos
| Partes | Contenido principal |
|---|---|
| I. Introducción | |
| II. Visión y ámbito de aplicación | - Visión: un planeta libre de daños causados por sustancias químicas y residuos, para un futuro seguro, saludable y sostenible. - Ámbito de aplicación: ciclo de vida de las sustancias químicas (incluidos productos y residuos), a través de mejora de la gestión, consideración de otros instrumentos, y flexibilidad para incorporar nuevos. Carácter multisectorial y con varias partes interesadas. Abarca la participación de todos los sectores relevantes (medio ambiente, salud, agricultura, trabajo, partes interesadas…) en todos los niveles (local, nacional, regional y global), además de considerar los aspectos ambientales y sociales fundamentales. |
| III. Principios y enfoques | |
| IV. Objetivos estratégicos | 1. Medidas adecuadas: de marcos legales, mecanismos institucionales y capacidades 2. Información precisa: completa, disponible y accesible 3. Gestión de riesgos: identificación, priorización, y tratamiento 4. Soluciones: alternativas innovadoras y sostenibles, más seguras 5. Disponibilidad de recursos: movilización, cooperación, capacitación, e integración en todos los procesos relevantes de toma de decisiones |
| V. Mecanismos de apoyo a la implementación | - Programas de implementación - Implementación nacional - Cooperación y coordinación regional - Inclusión sectorial y de las partes interesadas |
| VI. Gestión de los temas de preocupación | Asunto insuficientemente reconocido o abordado que supone un riesgo de contaminación de acuerdo a la información disponible, con un procedimiento específico (Anexo I). |
| VII. Consideraciones financieras | |
| VIII. Acuerdos institucionales | |
| IX. Evaluación del progreso | |
| X. Revisión y actualización del Marco | |
| Anexos | - I. Cuestiones de preocupación - II. Principios y enfoques - III. Estructura de medición |
Los objetivos estratégicos (parte V.A) cuenta con diferentes metas (V.B)
| Objetivos estratégicos | Metas |
|---|---|
| A. Medidas adecuadas | arget A1 – By 2030, Governments have adopted and are implementing and enforcing legal frameworks, and have established appropriate institutional capacity to prevent or, where prevention is not feasible, minimize adverse effects from chemicals and waste as appropriate for their national circumstances. Target A2 – By 2030, intergovernmental stakeholders develop guidelines to support the needs of interested Governments and relevant stakeholders to implement effective chemicals and waste management strategies, building on, among other things, updates of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals toolbox for decision-making in chemicals management. Target A3 – By 2030, companies implement measures identified to prevent or, where prevention is not feasible, minimize adverse effects from chemicals throughout their life cycle. Target A4 – By 2030, stakeholders have effectively prevented all illegal trade and traffic of chemicals and waste. Target A5 – By 2030, Governments work towards notifying, regulating or prohibiting the export of chemicals they have prohibited nationally, in line with their international obligations. Target A6 – By 2030, all countries have access to poison centers equipped with essential capabilities to prevent and respond to poisonings, as well as access to training in chemical risk prevention and clinical toxicology. Target A7 – By 2035, stakeholders have taken effective measures to phase out highly hazardous pesticides in agriculture where the risks have not been managed and where safer and affordable alternatives are available, and to promote transition to and make available those alternatives. |
| B. Información precisa | arget B1 – By 2035, comprehensive data and information on the properties of chemicals are generated and made available and accessible. Target B2 – By 2030, stakeholders make available, to the extent possible, reliable information on chemicals in materials and products throughout the value chain. Target B3 – By 2035, stakeholders generate data on the production of chemicals, including the use of chemicals in materials and products, in addition to data on emissions and releases of chemicals and waste to the environment, making these data available and publicly accessible. Target B4 – By 2035, stakeholders apply appropriate guidelines, best available practices and standardized tools for hazard and risk assessment and chemical and waste management. Target B5 – By 2030, educational, training and public awareness programmes on chemical safety, sustainability, safer alternatives and the benefits of reducing chemicals and waste risks have been developed and implemented, taking into consideration a gender-responsive approach. Target B6 – By 2030, all Governments have implemented the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) in all relevant sectors as appropriate for their national circumstances. Target B7 – By 2030, stakeholders generate, to the extent possible, and make available comprehensive and accessible monitoring and surveillance data and information on concentrations and potential exposure sources of chemicals in humans (disaggregated by sex, age, region, other demographic factors, and other relevant health determinants as feasible), other biota and environmental media. |
| C. Gestión de riesgos | Target C1 – Processes and programmes of work including timelines are established, adopted and implemented for identified issues of concern. |
| D. Soluciones | Target D1 – By 2030, companies consistently invest in and achieve innovations towards advancing sustainable chemistry and resource efficiency throughout the life cycle of chemicals. Target D2 – By 2035, Governments implement policies that encourage production using safer alternatives and sustainable approaches throughout the life cycle, including best available techniques, green procurement and circular economy approaches. Target D3 – By 2030, the private sector, including the finance sector, incorporates strategies and policies to implement the sound management of chemicals and waste in its finance approaches and business models and applies internationally recognized or equivalent reporting standards. Target D4 – By 2030, relevant stakeholders give priority to sustainable solutions and safer alternatives to harmful substances in products and mixtures, including in consumer products, in their research and innovation programmes. Target D5 – By 2030, Governments implement policies and programmes to increase support to safer and more sustainable agricultural practices, including agroecology, integrated pest management and the use of non-chemical alternatives, as appropriate. Target D6 – By 2030, sustainable chemical and waste management strategies have been developed and implemented for major economic and industry sectors that identify priority chemicals of concern and standards and measures, such as the chemical footprint approach, to reduce their impact and, where feasible, their input along the value chain. Target D7 – By 2030, stakeholders implement measures and strive to ensure effective occupational health and safety practices as well as environmental protection measures in all relevant sectors and throughout the supply chain |
| E. Disponibilidad de recursos | Target E1 – By 2035, Governments have mainstreamed the sound management of chemicals and waste through implementation in all relevant sectoral plans, budgets and development plans and development assistance policies and programmes. Target E2 – By 2030, partnerships and networks among sectors and stakeholders are strengthened to achieve the sound management of chemicals and waste. Target E3 – Adequate, predictable and sustainable financial resources from all sources needed to support achieving the sound management of chemicals and waste are identified and mobilized in alignment with the vision, strategic objectives and targets of the Framework in all sectors by and for all stakeholders, including by leveraging private finance and promoting innovative and blended‑finance schemes. Target E4 – Funding gaps for the implementation of sound management of chemicals and waste are identified and considered for capacity-building, including through the Global Framework on Chemicals Fund. Target E5 – By 2030, Governments have taken measures to put in place policies to internalize the costs of the sound management of chemicals and waste through different approaches. Target E6 – By 2030, stakeholders identify and strengthen, as appropriate, synergies and linkages between chemicals and waste management and other key environmental, health and labour policies, such as those related to climate change solutions, biodiversity conservation, human rights protection, universal health coverage or primary health care |